Life On A Laptop

Getting JFXtras to run on a Mac

2009-03-27T08:38:00.001Z

Many people have encountered problems getting JFXtras to run on a Mac and a number of solutions have been proferred.

This simple solution worked for me:

1 - Close Netbeans
2 - Open a terminal window
3 - cd /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions
4 - rm -f CurrentJDK (this is just a symlink to version you are using)
5 - ln -s 1.6 CurrentJDK
6 - close terminal window
7 - start Netbeans

Just to test it, I threw together the following code (copied and paste from various resources, so nothing original here)


/*
 * Main.fx
 *
 * Created on Mar 27, 2009, 7:34:38 AM
 */

package test;

import javafx.ext.swing.SwingButton;
import javafx.lang.FX;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

/**
 * @author johndunning
 */
var stage:Stage;

stage = Stage {
    title: "Application title"
    width: 250
    height: 80
    scene: Scene {
        content: [ Text {
            font : Font {
                size : 16
            }
            x: 10, y: 30
            content: "Application content"
        },
        HBox {
            content: [

        SwingButton {
            text:"Click Me"
                        action:function()
            {
                var help:Help = Help{}
                help.showHelp(stage);
            }
        },
                SwingButton {
            text:"Exit"
            action:function()
            {
                FX.exit();
            }

        }
            ]
        }


        ];
    }
}


package test;

import javafx.ext.swing.SwingButton;
import javafx.ext.swing.SwingLabel;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import org.jfxtras.scene.layout.Cell;
import org.jfxtras.scene.layout.Grid;
import org.jfxtras.scene.layout.GridConstraints;
import org.jfxtras.scene.layout.Row;
import org.jfxtras.stage.JFXDialog;

package class Help
{
    package function showHelp (owner: Stage): Void
    {
        def helpText = ""
                       "Welcome to Text Search!

"
                       "Enter the search text in the text field.
"
                       "Click Search to initiate the search.
"
                       "Click Stop to interrupt a search.
"
                       "Click Help to display this help.
"
                       "
"
                       "The paths of all files that contain
"
                       "the search text appear in the list."
                       "";

        var dialogRef: JFXDialog;
        dialogRef = JFXDialog
        {
            title: "Text Search Help"

            owner: owner
            modal: true
            packed: true
            resizable: false

            scene: Scene
            {
                content: Grid
                {
                    border: 15

                    rows:
                    [
                        Row
                        {
                            cells: SwingLabel
                            {
                                text: helpText
                            }
                        }
                        Row
                        {
                            cells: Cell
                            {
                                content: SwingButton
                                {
                                    action: function (): Void
                                    {
                                        dialogRef.close ()
                                    }

                                    text: "OK"
                                }

                                horizontalAlignment: GridConstraints.CENTER
                            }
                        }
                    ]

                    vgap: 10
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

How to Make a Script Clickable

2008-10-02T21:49:00.001+01:00

if you're running leopard, then simply

chmod +x (script)

Installing a Western Digital My Book

2008-08-12T17:44:00.001+01:00

Ok, if you decide to go with one of these - for now forget the network drive. I couldn't get that to work with a Mac at all.

Instead, go with the USB version. I went with the 1TB My Book Essential usb.

Don't try anything clever like formatting it to a Journaled Mac Volume because it won't work. Simply reformat it as a Dos volume and rename it to whatever you want the drive to be called. Then start Time Machine, point Time Machine at the drive and let Time Machine format it for you.

Runs like a dream after that.

Accessing Shared Folders from Vista in VirtualBox

2008-07-12T23:07:00.001+01:00

Name your shared folder in VirtualBox - e.g. 'Shared1'.

In Windows Map a network drive to: \\vboxsvr\Shared1.

Anybody running Vista in VirtualBox on a Mac may have problems seeing shared folders.

There are a number of blogs and threads around describing tips and tricks to resolve the problem.

In my case the problem was quite simple - Windows Live OneCare was configured with my Wifi Network as Public which meant it blocked local networking. Just change it to Private, or Home and the problem is resolved.

Netbeans Fails to Open Projects after installing Plug-ins

2008-07-07T10:01:00.001+01:00

This one is a beauty. I finally resolved it by adding plug-ins in in groups and isolating the actual plug-in that causes the problem.

The openoffice api (developer) causes a null pointer exception and stops any or all projects being opened/created and displayed in the project dialog.

Netbeans on Mac and Xalan Errors

2008-07-07T09:50:00.001+01:00

With Netbeans 6.1 running on Java 6.x on an Intel Mac running Leopard, you will find that Netbeans may not start - reporting corruption due to Xalan (I forget the exact message).

As a checkpoint, do the following:

In a terminal shell, running which java will give the response

/usr/bin/java

ls -al /usr/bin/java shows the following symlink

lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 74 9 May 21:25 /usr/bin/java -> /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/Current/Commands/java

now cd /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions

and ls -al to give all the java versions:


drwxr-xr-x  16 root  wheel  544  6 Jul 09:29 .
drwxr-xr-x  11 root  wheel  374 29 May 19:18 ..
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root  wheel    5  9 May 21:25 1.3 -> 1.3.1
drwxr-xr-x   3 root  wheel  102 14 Jan 05:12 1.3.1
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root  wheel    5 21 Feb 16:22 1.4 -> 1.4.2
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root  wheel    3  9 May 21:25 1.4.1 -> 1.4
drwxr-xr-x   8 root  wheel  272 21 Feb 16:22 1.4.2
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root  wheel    5 21 Feb 16:22 1.5 -> 1.5.0
drwxr-xr-x   9 root  wheel  306 22 May 20:13 1.5.0
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root  wheel    5  9 May 21:25 1.6 -> 1.6.0
drwxr-xr-x  11 root  wheel  374  6 Jul 09:28 1.6.0
drwxr-xr-x   8 root  wheel  272  9 May 21:25 A
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root  wheel    3  6 Jul 09:29 Current -> 1.5
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root  wheel    3  6 Jul 09:29 CurrentJDK -> 1.5

This is what you should have to solve the netbeans problem. Do not update the symlinks to point to Java 1.6.

--

Now, if you are having the Xalan error you need to remove references to xalan from Netbeans.

cd $HOME/.netbeans

find 6.1 -name xalan.jar -print | xargs rm -f (RUN THIS AT YOUR OWN PERIL - STANDARD DISCLAIMERS APPLY)

Next, edit /Applications/Utilities/Java/Java Preferences.App and tell it that you want to use java6.

Finally, open Netbeans and in Project Properties -> Libraries, click on Manage platforms and add Java6.0
Then set your project in Project Properties -> Source, and Project Properties -> Libraries to use that platform.

Implementing WebServices - Part I

2008-02-19T11:51:00.000Z

Overview

I have recently been working on jax-ws webservices using Netbeans, Tomcat, and using Ant to build and deploy these systems.
Whilst much of what is involved is pretty straightforward, I could not find one single document that takes the developer through everything so have decided to write my own.

Requirement

Install Java

Install Netbeans

Install Tomcat

Using Netbeans develop a webservice that will deploy to Tomcat

Create a webservice client that can call the webservice

Environment

I am developing on a Dell Latitude 630, with 2GB RAM, and running Windows XP.

Step 1 – Install Java

Go to http://java.sun.com/javase/ and download the latest version of Java SE. I am running JDK 6 Update 4. Install Java and go with all the defaults

Step 2 – Install Netbeans

Go to http://download.netbeans.org/netbeans/6.0/final/ and download the latest version of Netbeans. I have gone with the ‘All’ bundle. Install Netbeans and go with all the defaults

Step 3 – Install Tomcat

Go to http://tomcat.apache.org/ and download ‘Tomcat v5.5’. From Binary distributions, select the Core->zip bundle. Extract the bundle to C:\apache-tomcat-5.5.25

Step 4 – Install JAX-WS

Go to https://jax-ws.dev.java.net/2.1.3/ and click on the link to download the binary. I am running JAX-WS RI 2.1.3. Double click on the downloaded binary and this will extract the contents into a sub-folder jaxws-ri.
If you look in jaxws-ri\lib you will see all the jars that we need for deploying to Tomcat

Step 5 – Copy JAX-WS jars to Tomcat

If necessary create the directory C:\apache-tomcat-5.5.25\shared\lib and copy all the jars from jaxws-ri\lib to C:\apache-tomcat-5.5.25\shared\lib. Tomcat will now support WebServices.

Step 6 – Configure Netbeans to work with Tomcat

Go to services and right click on Servers. Click on Add Server

Select Tomcat 5.5 from the list of available servers and click on Next

Click on the Browse button

Navigate to where you installed Tomcat and click on Open

Create a user for Tomcat by entering the username and password into the Username and Password fields (default admin, admin), and click on Finish

You will now see Tomcat in the list of available servers

Step 7 – Configure Tomcat to run on port 80

Navigate to C:\apache-tomcat-5.5.25\conf and edit server.xml

Change the Connector Port from 8080 to 80:


<!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 -->
<Connector port="8080"
	maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
	maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
	enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100"
	connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
<!-- Note : To disable connection timeouts, set connectionTimeout value

To:


 
<!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 80 -->
<Connector port="80" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
	maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
	enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100"
	connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
<!-- Note : To disable connection timeouts, set connectionTimeout value

Step 8 – Create the WorkSpace

Create the directory C:\Filing\Workspaces\examples in which all your projects will be stored.

Step 9 – Create the WebService Project

Right click in the Projects tab and click on New Project

Select Web->Web Application and click Next

Fill in the fields as follows, and click Finish:

Project Name: WebService One

Project Location: c:\Filing\Workspaces\examples

Server: Tomcat 5.5

Java EE Version: J2EE 1.4

Context Path: /WebService_One

Set Source Level to 1.4 - unchecked

Set as Main Project - unchecked

The WebService One project will open with the index.jsp page opened for edit.
Change the title and h1 body elements from JSP Page to WebService One

Click on the Save All icon in the toolbar

Right click on index.jsp in the projects screen and select Run File

The project will be deployed to the tomcat server. The server will start and the page will be displayed

Step 10 – Include the JAX-WS Jars in the Project Path to compile Web Services

Right click on the Project Name and select Properties from the pop-up menu

Click on Libraries
Click on ‘Add Jar / Folder’

Navigate to C:\apache-tomcat-5.5.25\shared\lib
Select jaxws-tools.jar and click Open

uncheck the Package

Right click on the WebService One project in the projects screen and select New->Web Service

In the WebService name enter ‘WSOne’
In the Package, enter ‘com.examples.webservices’
Click on Finish

Web Service WSOne will open in the Design Screen
Click on ‘Add Operation’

In the name field enter ‘getMessage’
Click on ‘Add’ to add a parameter and set the parameterName to ‘userName’
Click on OK.

Click on the Source tab to see the source that has been generated:

The generated web service source is as follows:


package com.examples.webservices;
import javax.jws.WebMethod;
import javax.jws.WebParam;
import javax.jws.WebService;

/**
 *
 * @author johnd
 */

@WebService()
public class WSOne
{
	/**
	 * Web service operation
	 */

	@WebMethod(operationName = "getMessage")
	public String getMessage(@WebParam(name = "userName") String userName)
	{
		//TODO write your implementation code here:
		return null;
	}
}

Step 12 – Compile and Run the WebService

Click on the Save All icon to save the new webservice
Right click on the WebServiceOne project and select Clean and Build

If you get an error at this point stating that WSGen cannot be found, then you have not included the jar file from tomcat/shared/lib in your build path (Step 10)

Created dir: C:\Filing\Workspaces\examples\WebService One\build\generated\wsgen\service
Created dir: C:\Filing\Workspaces\examples\WebService One\build\generated\wsgen\binaries
C:\Filing\Workspaces\examples\WebService One\nbproject\jaxws-build.xml:12:
taskdef class com.sun.tools.ws.ant.WsGen cannot be found
BUILD FAILED (total time: 0 seconds)

Right click on the project and select ‘Undeploy and Deploy’ (since the server is already running)

Expand the Web Service folder in the project screen and right click on the WSOne web service, click on Test Web Service

The browser will open to the web service

Click on the hyperlink to view the WSDL for this web service

The WSDL for this web service is


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
<!-- 
 Published by JAX-WS RI at http://jax-ws.dev.java.net. RI's version is JAX-WS RI 2.1.1-b03-. 
  --> 
<!-- 
 Generated by JAX-WS RI at http://jax-ws.dev.java.net. RI's version is JAX-WS RI 2.1.1-b03-. 
 --> 
<definitions xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:tns="http://webservices.examples.com/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" targetNamespace="http://webservices.examples.com/" name="WSOneService">
    <types>
        <xsd:schema>
            <xsd:import namespace="http://webservices.examples.com/" schemaLocation="http://localhost:80/WebService_One/WSOne?xsd=1" /> 
        </xsd:schema>
    </types>
    <message name="getMessage">
        <part name="parameters" element="tns:getMessage" /> 
    </message>
    <message name="getMessageResponse">
        <part name="parameters" element="tns:getMessageResponse" /> 
    </message>
    <portType name="WSOne">
        <operation name="getMessage">
            <input message="tns:getMessage" /> 
            <output message="tns:getMessageResponse" /> 
        </operation>
    </portType>
    <binding name="WSOnePortBinding" type="tns:WSOne">
        <soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" style="document" /> 
        <operation name="getMessage">
            <soap:operation soapAction="" /> 
            <input>
                <soap:body use="literal" /> 
            </input>
            <output>
                <soap:body use="literal" /> 
            </output>
        </operation>
    </binding>
    <service name="WSOneService">
        <port name="WSOnePort" binding="tns:WSOnePortBinding">
            <soap:address location="http://localhost:80/WebService_One/WSOne" /> 
        </port>
    </service>
</definitions>

Step 13 – Modify the Web Service to return the message

Modify the getMessage method to return the message Hello ‘name“


package com.examples.webservices;
 
import javax.jws.WebMethod;
import javax.jws.WebParam;
import javax.jws.WebService;
 
/**
 *
 * @author johnd
 */
@WebService()
public class WSOne
{
    /**
     * Web service operation
     */
    @WebMethod(operationName = "getMessage")
    public String getMessage(
            @WebParam(name = "userName") String userName)
    {
        return "Hello "+userName;
    }
}

How to Enable Root on a Mac running Leopard

2007-12-06T19:41:00.000Z

1 - Go to applications->utilities

2 - Open Directory Utility

3 - Unlock it if not already unlocked

4 - Go to Edit->Enable Root User

5 - Enter a password for root

Now, you can su to root in terminal sessions, and the 'Other Users' option will show up on the login window.

JAXB ClassCastException

2007-11-26T16:38:00.000Z

JAXB marshalling and unmarshalling throws runtime/classcast exception

If you search the web, you will encounter lots of discussions about what causes a class cast exception in JAXB when you try and implement the NamespacePrefixMapper and then call marshaller.setProperty("com.sun.xml.bind.namespacePrefixMapper", ... ).

However, the simplest cases are not always discussed.

We encountered this problem with marshalling xml in an EJB3 environment and it turned out to be a genuine class cast exception as follows:

Code was being called from a servlet. However, the Web Server was using JAX-WS which was using a different version of JAXB to the back-end. (sharing the libraries during deployment).

The solution (quick hack for us) was to get the Servlet to call a session bean which was using the correct version of JAXB. Obviously at some point we should ensure consistency across the board, but for anyone who is getting a ClassCastException when using NamespacePrefixMapper - check the jars first ;)

Using Xalan with XMLSpy

2007-11-26T16:31:00.000Z

So simple it's painful ;)

1 - Download xalan.jar
2 - set your CLASSPATH to include xalan.jar
3 - Select tools->options->XSL in XmlSpy
4 - check 'External xsl transformation program'
5 - enter the line: java org.apache.xalan.xslt.Process -in %1 -xsl %3 -out %2

Done!!

Using Time Machine to Back up onto a NAS Server

2007-11-14T19:59:00.001Z

It is easy to add NAS Devices as backup Devices for Timemachine:

Start the terminal app on the mac where You want to use Timemachine
Enter the following in Terminal: defaults write com.apple.systempreferences TMShowUnsupportedNetworkVolumes 1

After that You will see all possible networkshares in Timemachine (and You can also use them).

Sorting with XSLT

2007-11-05T18:32:00.001Z

Here’s a challenge, I have an xml file structure as follows:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<people xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <person>
              <height>1.81</height>
              <dob>1990-01-17</dob>
       </person>
       <person>
              <height>1.51</height>
              <dob>1981-09-10</dob>
       </person>
       <person>
              <height>1.31</height>
              <dob>1990-02-07</dob>
       </person>
       <person>
              <height>1.71</height>
              <dob>1981-09-20</dob>
       </person>
</people>

I want to create an xml file (averageHeight.xml) that sorts the people into average height by month within year.
e.g

<average_height>
       <year no=”1981”>
              <month no=”09”>
                     <height>1.61</height>
              </month>
       </year>
       ….

Let’s break the problem down into manageable chunks.
Here’s a simple transform that extracts the dob of each person

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:element name="average_height">
                     <xsl:apply-templates select="//person"/>
              </xsl:element>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="person">
              <xsl:element name="year">
                     <xsl:value-of select="dob"/>
              </xsl:element>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

This gives:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year>1990-01-17</year>
       <year>1980-11-10</year>
       <year>1990-02-07</year>
       <year>1981-09-20</year>
</average_height>

Now we want to write it to averageHeight.xml, so let’s add the <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
To give:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="//person"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="person">
              <xsl:element name="year">
                     <xsl:value-of select="dob"/>
              </xsl:element>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

This now gives averageHeight.xml with the following content

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year>1990-01-17</year>
       <year>1980-11-10</year>
       <year>1990-02-07</year>
       <year>1981-09-20</year>
</average_height>

Now, let’s extract and sort the year: but first we need to change the xslt to use a for-each so we can sort:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:for-each select="person">
                     <xsl:element name="year">
                            <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

gives:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year>1990</year>
       <year>1980</year>
       <year>1990</year>
       <year>1981</year>
</average_height>

Now, let’s sort it:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:for-each select="person">
                     <xsl:sort select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                     <xsl:element name="year">
                            <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

to give:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year>1980</year>
       <year>1981</year>
       <year>1990</year>
       <year>1990</year>
</average_height>

Now let’s eliminate duplicates:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:variable name="people" select="."/>
              <xsl:variable name="years">
                     <xsl:for-each select="person">
                            <xsl:sort select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:variable>
              <xsl:for-each select="$years/year[not(.=preceding::year)]">
                     <xsl:element name="year">
                            <xsl:value-of select="."/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

gives

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year>1980</year>
       <year>1981</year>
       <year>1990</year>
</average_height>

now, let’s add in the months:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:variable name="people" select="."/>
              <xsl:variable name="years">
                     <xsl:for-each select="person">
                            <xsl:sort select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:variable>
              <xsl:for-each select="$years/year[not(.=preceding::year)]">
                     <xsl:variable name="year" select="."/>
                     <xsl:element name="year">
                            <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                            <xsl:for-each select="$people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year]">
                                   <xsl:element name="month">
                                          <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,6,2)"/>
                                   </xsl:element>
                            </xsl:for-each>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

gives

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year no="1980">
              <month>11</month>
       </year>
       <year no="1981">
              <month>09</month>
       </year>
       <year no="1990">
              <month>01</month>
              <month>02</month>
       </year>
</average_height>

I want to introduce a duplicate month to test the removal of duplicate months. So let's change our original xml to this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<people xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <person>
              <height>1.81</height>
              <dob>1990-01-17</dob>
       </person>
       <person>
              <height>1.51</height>
              <dob>1981-09-10</dob>
       </person>
       <person>
              <height>1.31</height>
              <dob>1990-02-07</dob>
       </person>
       <person>
              <height>1.71</height>
              <dob>1981-09-20</dob>
       </person>
</people>

and transform it with:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:variable name="people" select="."/>
              <xsl:variable name="years">
                     <xsl:for-each select="person">
                            <xsl:sort select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:variable>
              <xsl:for-each select="$years/year[not(.=preceding::year)]">
                     <xsl:variable name="year" select="."/>
                     <xsl:element name="year">
                            <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                            <xsl:for-each select="$people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year]">
                                   <xsl:element name="month">
                                          <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,6,2)"/>
                                   </xsl:element>
                            </xsl:for-each>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

gives:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year no="1981">
              <month>09</month>
              <month>09</month>
       </year>
       <year no="1990">
              <month>01</month>
              <month>02</month>
       </year>
</average_height>

now, let’s remove duplicate months: - part 1 – create the variable:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:variable name="people" select="."/>
              <xsl:variable name="years">
                     <xsl:for-each select="person">
                            <xsl:sort select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:variable>
              <xsl:for-each select="$years/year[not(.=preceding::year)]">
                     <xsl:variable name="year" select="."/>
                     <xsl:variable name="months-in-years">
                     <xsl:element name="year">
                            <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                            <xsl:for-each select="$people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year]">
                                   <xsl:element name="month">
                                          <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,6,2)"/>
                                   </xsl:element>
                            </xsl:for-each>
                     </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:variable>
                     <xsl:for-each select="$months-in-years/year">
                            <xsl:copy-of select="."/>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

gives

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year no="1981">
              <month>09</month>
              <month>09</month>
       </year>
       <year no="1990">
              <month>01</month>
              <month>02</month>
       </year>
</average_height>

now, remove the duplicates:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:variable name="people" select="."/>
              <xsl:variable name="years">
                     <xsl:for-each select="person">
                            <xsl:sort select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:variable>
              <xsl:for-each select="$years/year[not(.=preceding::year)]">
                     <xsl:variable name="year" select="."/>
                     <xsl:variable name="months-in-years">
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                                   <xsl:for-each select="$people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year]">
                                          <xsl:element name="month">
                                                 <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,6,2)"/>
                                          </xsl:element>
                                   </xsl:for-each>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:variable>
                     <xsl:for-each select="$months-in-years/year">
                            <xsl:sort select="."/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="@no"/></xsl:attribute>
                                   <xsl:for-each select="month[not(.=preceding::month)]">
                                          <xsl:sort select="."/>
                                          <xsl:element name="month">
                                                 <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                                          </xsl:element>
                                   </xsl:for-each>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

gives

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year no="1981">
              <month no="09"/>
       </year>
       <year no="1990">
              <month no="01"/>
              <month no="02"/>
       </year>
</average_height>

now, let’s add the dob’s as an interim measure

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:variable name="people" select="."/>
              <xsl:variable name="years">
                     <xsl:for-each select="person">
                            <xsl:sort select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:variable>
              <xsl:for-each select="$years/year[not(.=preceding::year)]">
                     <xsl:variable name="year" select="."/>
                     <xsl:variable name="months-in-years">
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                                   <xsl:for-each select="$people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year]">
                                          <xsl:element name="month">
                                                 <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,6,2)"/>
                                          </xsl:element>
                                   </xsl:for-each>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:variable>
                     <xsl:for-each select="$months-in-years/year">
                            <xsl:sort select="."/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:variable name="year" select="@no"/>
                                   <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="@no"/></xsl:attribute>
                                   <xsl:for-each select="month[not(.=preceding::month)]">
                                          <xsl:sort select="."/>
                                          <xsl:variable name="month" select="."/>
                                          <xsl:element name="month">
                                                 <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                                                 <xsl:for-each select="$people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year and substring(dob,6,2)=$month]">
                                                        <xsl:element name="dob">
                                                               <xsl:value-of select="dob"/>
                                                        </xsl:element>
                                                 </xsl:for-each>
                                          </xsl:element>
                                   </xsl:for-each>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

to give:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year no="1981">
              <month no="09">
                     <dob>1981-09-10</dob>
                     <dob>1981-09-20</dob>
              </month>
       </year>
       <year no="1990">
              <month no="01">
                     <dob>1990-01-17</dob>
              </month>
              <month no="02">
                     <dob>1990-02-07</dob>
              </month>
       </year>
</average_height>

now, let’s change that dob to height:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:variable name="people" select="."/>
              <xsl:variable name="years">
                     <xsl:for-each select="person">
                            <xsl:sort select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:variable>
              <xsl:for-each select="$years/year[not(.=preceding::year)]">
                     <xsl:variable name="year" select="."/>
                     <xsl:variable name="months-in-years">
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                                   <xsl:for-each select="$people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year]">
                                          <xsl:element name="month">
                                                 <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,6,2)"/>
                                          </xsl:element>
                                   </xsl:for-each>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:variable>
                     <xsl:for-each select="$months-in-years/year">
                            <xsl:sort select="."/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:variable name="year" select="@no"/>
                                   <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="@no"/></xsl:attribute>
                                   <xsl:for-each select="month[not(.=preceding::month)]">
                                          <xsl:sort select="."/>
                                          <xsl:variable name="month" select="."/>
                                          <xsl:element name="month">
                                                 <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                                                 <xsl:for-each select="$people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year and substring(dob,6,2)=$month]">
                                                        <xsl:element name="height">
                                                               <xsl:value-of select="height"/>
                                                        </xsl:element>
                                                 </xsl:for-each>
                                          </xsl:element>
                                   </xsl:for-each>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

gives

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year no="1981">
              <month no="09">
                     <height>1.51</height>
                     <height>1.71</height>
              </month>
       </year>
       <year no="1990">
              <month no="01">
                     <height>1.81</height>
              </month>
              <month no="02">
                     <height>1.31</height>
              </month>
       </year>
</average_height>

now let’s average the heights

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:variable name="people" select="."/>
              <xsl:variable name="years">
                     <xsl:for-each select="person">
                            <xsl:sort select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:variable>
              <xsl:for-each select="$years/year[not(.=preceding::year)]">
                     <xsl:variable name="year" select="."/>
                     <xsl:variable name="months-in-years">
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                                   <xsl:for-each select="$people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year]">
                                          <xsl:element name="month">
                                                 <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,6,2)"/>
                                          </xsl:element>
                                   </xsl:for-each>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:variable>
                     <xsl:for-each select="$months-in-years/year">
                            <xsl:sort select="."/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:variable name="year" select="@no"/>
                                   <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="@no"/></xsl:attribute>
                                   <xsl:for-each select="month[not(.=preceding::month)]">
                                          <xsl:sort select="."/>
                                          <xsl:variable name="month" select="."/>
                                          <xsl:element name="month">
                                                 <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                                                 <xsl:element name="height">
                                                        <xsl:value-of select="avg($people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year and substring(dob,6,2)=$month]/height)"/>
                                                 </xsl:element>
                                          </xsl:element>
                                   </xsl:for-each>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

gives

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<average_height>
       <year no="1981">
              <month no="09">
                     <height>1.61</height>
              </month>
       </year>
       <year no="1990">
              <month no="01">
                     <height>1.81</height>
              </month>
              <month no="02">
                     <height>1.31</height>
              </month>
       </year>
</average_height>

job done...

Actually, there's one problem that can arise with xalan parsers.

If you get the error message:

Can not convert #RTREEFRAG to a NodeList!

Then you need to include the xalan namespace as follows:

                   version="1.0"
                   xmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan"
                   exclude-result-prefixes="xalan">

and replace and references to variables that are node lists as follows:

<xsl:for-each select="$rtf/docelem//*">

becomes

<xsl:for-each select="xalan:nodeset($variablename)/docelem//*">

the final transform from our example, for use with a xalan parser becomes:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan" exclude-result-prefixes="xalan">
       <xsl:output method="xml"/>
       <xsl:template match="/">
              <xsl:result-document href=" averageHeight.xml">
                     <xsl:element name="average_height">
                            <xsl:apply-templates select="/people"/>
                     </xsl:element>
              </xsl:result-document>
       </xsl:template>
       <xsl:template match="people">
              <xsl:variable name="people" select="."/>
              <xsl:variable name="years">
                     <xsl:for-each select="person">
                            <xsl:sort select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,1,4)"/>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:variable>
              <xsl:for-each select="xalan:nodeset($years)/year[not(.=preceding::year)]">
                     <xsl:variable name="year" select="."/>
                     <xsl:variable name="months-in-years">
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                                   <xsl:for-each select="xalan:nodeset($people)/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year]">
                                          <xsl:element name="month">
                                                 <xsl:value-of select="substring(dob,6,2)"/>
                                          </xsl:element>
                                   </xsl:for-each>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:variable>
                     <xsl:for-each select="xalan:nodeset($months-in-years)/year">
                            <xsl:sort select="."/>
                            <xsl:element name="year">
                                   <xsl:variable name="year" select="@no"/>
                                   <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="@no"/></xsl:attribute>
                                   <xsl:for-each select="month[not(.=preceding::month)]">
                                          <xsl:sort select="."/>
                                          <xsl:variable name="month" select="."/>
                                          <xsl:element name="month">
                                                 <xsl:attribute name="no"><xsl:value-of select="."/></xsl:attribute>
                                                 <xsl:element name="height">
                                                        <xsl:value-of select="avg($people/person[substring(dob,1,4)=$year and substring(dob,6,2)=$month]/height)"/>
                                                 </xsl:element>
                                          </xsl:element>
                                   </xsl:for-each>
                            </xsl:element>
                     </xsl:for-each>
              </xsl:for-each>
       </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

now, the job's done!!

need to change: for example

<xsl:for-each select="xalan:nodeset($year)/year[not(.=preceding::year)]">

becomes:

<xsl:for-each select="xalan:distinct(xalan:nodeset($year)/year)">

reference: http://xml.apache.org/xalan-c/extensionslib.html

Moving to a Mac

2007-11-03T21:15:00.001Z

Background

Having lived and breathed computers since 1980, I have been a long term customer of the Microsoft Track. Despite various roles in Unix Admin and development ranging from Minix thru Sco Unix to AIX, HPUX and now Linux, my home pcs have always been Microsoft boxes.

I develop in Java, C and C++ and so I have always wanted a powerful machine; and I travel a lot and so I have always wanted a laptop. By the time you’ve loaded Netbeans, Eclipse, JBOSS, Oracle or some other database, XML Spy and whatever else my current project deems to be important at the time; the machine and the operating system is taking quite a hit.

The Impetus to Move

More recently, when running all this on Vista I have found the machine just too unresponsive and so the decision had to be taken to change machines once again. My choices were simple (to me):

a Sony Vaio SZ5, 2.16 Intel Core 2 Duo with 2GB ram, or

a MacBook Pro, 2.4GHz Intel Core 2 Duo with 4GB ram.

Normally I would shy away from Mac because I have 15 years of files that are all windows files - documents, etc.

However, this time I found out about Parallels which allows Windows to be installed in parallel with Mac OS X.

Parallels, a demo of a 15” MacBook Pro and frustration at how long it was taking NetBeans to load finally did it for me.

The rest is the migration...

Useful Reading

As a first timer to Mac I decided to do a bit of reading beforehand. These two books were really useful and made the transition from Windows to Mac a breeze

- Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual - Tiger Edition

- MAC OS X: The Missing Manual - Tiger Edition

Existing Setup

Before going on to the integration of my new Mac into my home, let’s take a look at my existing setup:

- BT Broadband internet along with all the problems that come with

using BT. (court action against BT already started)

- Wireless BT router acting as a DHCP server

- Wired ethernet LAN routed through the mains

- Solwise HomePlug Ethernet Adapter

- Thecus N5200 IP Storage Server currently using RAID 1 across two

750GB Seagate Hard Drives (space for another 3)

- Thecus N5200 External 5 Bay Hotswap NAS using SATA/SATAII + eSATA 4xUSB 2xGbE
- 750 Gb Seagate ST3750640AS-RK Barracuda 7200.10, SATA300, 7200 rpm, 16MB Cache, 8 ms, NCQ

- Sony Vaio A617S running Windows Vista Business, wired

- Sony Vaio TX2XP running Windows Vista Business, wireless

- Canon Pixma ip4300 inkjet printer connected to one of the USB ports

on the Thecus N5200

I won’t go into too much detail into the whys and wherefores for such a setup, suffice it to say that I can access all my files on the Thecus from whichever machine I am on, and whenever the BT Broadband fails, I don’t have all the hassle that Vista now gives me selecting (instead of auto connecting to) my wireless router.

Moving to the Mac

Okay, here goes. I’ve got my Mac and for now I am ignoring the wireless network and going with the wire network. So, cable into back of machine, power up and go with all the defaults until the machine is running.

The Mac has come complete with OS X 10.4 (Tiger) so the first few things I do are:

Configure Mac to require login

From the menu bar at the top, select:

- -> System Preferences...

- Security

check the following:

- Require password to wake this computer...

- Disable automatic login

Setup User Account Password

From the menu bar at the top, select:

- -> System Preferences...

- Accounts

Setup your accounts as you want them

Connect to the N5200

Double click the hard drive icon on the desktop

- Network -> My Group -> N5200 -> Connect

Select the required folder, click OK

Ignore the login/password options, but when prompted say OK to adding the entry to the KeyChain.

Connecting the Printer

From the menu bar at the top, select:

- -> System Preferences...

- Print and Fax

do the following:

- Click + to add printer

- Protocol: IPP

- Address: :631 - e.g. 192.168.1.64:631

- Queue: /printers/usb-printer

- Name: Home Printer, or whatever you choose

- Location: Living Room...

- Print Using: ...

When it comes to selecting the Printer Driver I found that the Canon printer drivers left me printing documents 1/4 size. I found that if you download the PrintFab drivers before you install your printer, you can use the appropriate PrintFab printer driver and they are much more reliable.

Installing Vista in Parallel

This is so easy, it is hardly worth mentioning. Insert the Parallels dvd and follow the instructions, installing all the defaults.

Then, insert your Vista dvd and Parallels will see it and take over the installation. Here’s the beauty; every time you are required to reboot Vista, it only reboots the Parallels window and not your whole machine. So you can still keep playing with your Mac.

If you want Vista to run inside it’s own Parallels window then leave everything as default.

If you want the Vista start button to be integrated with your Mac desktop then click the Coherence button (on the right hand pane of the Parallels window).

Repartitioning the Hard Drive

As always, I was so keen to play with my Mac that I got everything up and running and then my OS X 10.5 Leopard (beta) DVD arrived in the post from joining the Mac Developer Network.

Now, I have to resize my hard disk and a cursory glance at the Disk Utility tool would suggest that it can’t be done...

- but wait!

...

Open a Terminal Window

(look in the folder Applications -> Utilities -> Terminal)

...

At the command prompt type

computer name:~ login$ diskutil list

The computer will display a list of your hard disks and information about them.

Mine showed that my Tiger installation was on the whole disk as follows:

# type name size identifier

2: Apple HFS Macintosh HD 160GB disk0s2

...

This is the partition that I want to shrink so I can install Leopard. So first I determine the minimum and max size I can set the partition to using:

diskutil resizevolume disk0s2 limits

This gives me:

Current Size: 160GB

Min Size: 67GB

Max Size: 160GB

...

I am supposed to be able to resize the volume and create a new one at the same time but I managed to screw that up, so here is the command that I ran by accident :(

diskutil resizevolume disk0s2 80G

Now sit back and wait while the partition is verified and resized. Eventually you will be prompted to reboot the computer.

...

Reboot the computer from the Apple Icon in the top menu.

...

Now open the Disk Utility by selecting the icon:

Applications -> Utilities -> Disk Utility

...

Once in the Disk Utility, the disk will appear as disk0s3 but you cannot access it because it is not mounted.

Click on the Erase tab.

Set the following:

- Volume Format: Mac OS Extended (Journaled)

- Name: Leopard

Click the erase button

...

Now the volume appears on the computer.

Installing Leopard

Insert the Leopard dvd and click Install Max OS X

The computer will prompt you to restart the computer and also to enter your password to enable the installation.

Enter the password and click ok.

...

Follow the defaults.

When you are prompted to choose the installation location for Leopard, click on the Leopard drive and click.

Follow the defaults.

Backing up Mail

Backing up Mail is a simple case of copying files and folders:

Once you have created a backup folder the files/folders you need to backup are:

- from the Users -> username -> Library folder:

- Mail (folder)

- MailDownloads (folder)

- Application Support -> AddressBook (folder)

- Preferences -> com.apple.mail.plist (file)